Building Envelope Thermal Performance

Fundamentals of Heat Transfer in Structures

Explanation of the three primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation, and how they apply to a building's surfaces. Discussion of thermal resistance (R-value) and thermal transmittance (U-value) as measures of insulation effectiveness. Introduction to concepts like thermal bridging and its impact on overall thermal performance.

Building Insulation Strategies

Overview of various insulation materials and their properties, including fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool, spray foam, and rigid foam boards. Discussion of optimal insulation placement in different building assemblies: walls, roofs, floors, and foundations. Considerations for moisture management in insulated structures, including the use of vapor barriers and air barriers.

Air Leakage and Infiltration Control

Identification of common sources of air leakage in buildings, such as gaps around windows and doors, cracks in walls and foundations, and penetrations for utilities. Strategies for air sealing, including caulking, weather stripping, and the use of air barrier membranes. The role of ventilation in maintaining indoor air quality while minimizing uncontrolled air infiltration. Testing methods for evaluating air tightness, such as blower door tests.

Window and Door Performance

Description of window and door construction and materials, including frames, glazing, and seals. Discussion of window performance metrics such as U-factor, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), and Visible Transmittance (VT). Strategies for improving window thermal performance, including the use of low-E coatings, gas fills, and multiple panes of glass. Proper installation techniques to minimize air leakage and thermal bridging around windows and doors.

Roof and Ceiling Insulation

Specific considerations for roof and ceiling insulation, including attic insulation, cathedral ceiling insulation, and flat roof insulation. Discussion of ventilation requirements for attics to prevent moisture buildup and ice dams. Different insulation techniques for sloped and flat roofs. Strategies for dealing with recessed lighting fixtures in insulated ceilings.

Floor and Foundation Insulation

Explanation of floor insulation options, including crawl space insulation, basement wall insulation, and slab-on-grade insulation. Discussion of the benefits of insulating foundations to improve comfort and reduce energy consumption. Techniques for preventing moisture damage in insulated foundations. The role of soil temperature in foundation thermal performance.