Puerto Rico: Political Status and Relationship with the United States

A description of the island's contemporary governance, encompassing its established political arrangement with the United States. This arrangement is rooted in a specific historical trajectory and involves a complex interplay of federal and local laws and regulations.

Historical Background

• Spanish Colonial Period: Brief overview of Puerto Rico's history under Spanish rule.
• U.S. Acquisition: Circumstances surrounding the U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico in 1898 following the Spanish-American War.
• Early U.S. Administration: Initial forms of governance implemented by the United States.
• Evolution of Self-Government: Key milestones in the development of Puerto Rican self-governance, including the establishment of an elected legislature and the drafting of a local constitution.

Structure of Government

Examination of Puerto Rico's tripartite governmental structure mirroring the U.S. system, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

• Executive Branch: Role of the Governor as head of the executive branch.
• Legislative Branch: Structure and function of the bicameral Legislative Assembly.
• Judicial Branch: Organization of the court system.

U.S. Federal Relationship

Elaboration on the key aspects of the enduring connection with the U.S. Federal government.

• U.S. Citizenship: Status of Puerto Ricans as U.S. citizens.
• Applicability of U.S. Laws: Extent to which U.S. federal laws apply in Puerto Rico.
• Federal Funding and Programs: Participation in federal programs and receipt of federal funding.
• Taxation: Unique tax relationship, including exemption from federal income tax for residents on income sourced within Puerto Rico (with exceptions).
• Representation in the U.S. Congress: The role and limitations of the Resident Commissioner, a non-voting member of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Ongoing Debate and Plebiscites on Status

An overview of the persistent debates surrounding the island's territorial association with the United States and the various status options that have been proposed and considered.

• Statehood: Arguments for and against becoming a U.S. state.
• Independence: Arguments for and against becoming an independent nation.
• Associated Republic: Description of the concept of a freely associated state.
• Past Plebiscites: A summary of past plebiscites and referendums held to gauge public opinion on political status options.