what to do if child burns hand on stove

Thermal Injuries in Children: First Aid and Management

Thermal injuries, commonly resulting from contact with hot surfaces, are a significant concern in pediatric care. Effective and timely intervention is crucial to minimize tissue damage and potential long-term complications.

Immediate Actions

  • Cool the Burn: Immediately immerse the affected area in cool (not ice-cold) running water for 10-20 minutes. This helps to reduce heat transfer and pain. Avoid using ice, ice water, or any oily substances like butter or ointments.
  • Remove Clothing: Carefully remove any clothing or jewelry from the burned area, unless it is stuck to the skin.
  • Assess the Severity: Determine the extent and depth of the burn. Superficial burns (first-degree) affect only the outer layer of skin, while deeper burns (second- and third-degree) penetrate deeper tissues.
  • Pain Management: Administer age-appropriate analgesics as directed by medical professionals.
  • Prevent Infection: Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick sterile dressing to protect the wound from further contamination. Avoid applying homemade remedies or other unsterile substances.

Burn Severity Classification

  • First-degree (superficial): Redness, mild swelling, pain. Usually heals within a week without scarring.
  • Second-degree (partial-thickness): Blisters, swelling, intense pain. Healing time varies, and scarring is possible.
  • Third-degree (full-thickness): White or charred appearance, little to no pain (due to nerve damage), requires immediate medical attention. Extensive scarring is likely.

Seeking Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical attention for any burn that:

  • Is larger than 3 inches in diameter.
  • Is deep (second- or third-degree).
  • Is located on the face, hands, feet, genitals, or major joints.
  • Causes significant pain or swelling.
  • Shows signs of infection (increased pain, pus, redness).

Long-Term Care

Following initial treatment, ongoing care may include wound dressing changes, pain management, infection prevention, physical therapy (to prevent scarring and improve mobility), and potentially surgical intervention for severe burns. Psychological support for the child and family may also be beneficial.